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h牧场Q生态渔业的新方?/h3>

撰写旉Q?018-11-19 [来源Q中国vz报 ]

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提到“牧场”,或许Z会想到广阔草原上牛羊成群的景象。“vz牧场”与之有共同之处Q但攄地点变成了vz,攄对象变成了鱼虾贝{vz生物。vz牧Z传统渔业生方式有何不同Q对h生态又有何影响Q?br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">较传l渔业优势凸?br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">  传统渔业主要包括捕捞和养D。但随着渔具逐步升、渔舚w年增多Q渔业资源被q度开采,其qv渔业资源已严重衰退。传l的hL׃L方式_放Q养D物U单一Q易引发U质退化、病害严重等问题。大规模的沿h饵养D和围堰L又会造成h污染、富营养化、药物残留等状况?br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">  q年来,其是党的十八大以来Q我国日益重视vz生态环境保护,h生态修复的投入不断加大Qvz牧场徏讑ְ是其中的重要举措?br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">  “vz牧场徏设是以现代科学技术ؓ支撑Q以h生态系lؓ基础Q通过工程技术手D,修复和优化生态环境、养护和增殖渔业资源Q以实现渔业可持l健康发展ؓ目的的渔业生产方式。”大q市Ch牧场研究院院长刘永虎说?br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">  “vz牧场徏讄基础是开展生态环境修复与优化Q增D和L重要生物资源。”刘永虎介绍Q徏设vz牧场首先要因地制宜开展h工鱼C和场徏讄生态环境优化工E,q有针对性地增殖放流Dc,增加Dc资源量Qؓ可持l渔L产奠定生态环境和资源基础?br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">  “相比单一的增D放方式,h牧场之于生态修复具有长效性、系l性等优势。”刘永虎告诉记者,人工鱼礁和vd为vz生物提供了索饵、避敌、c育q的场所Qؓ附着生物和底栖生物提供了附着和栖息空_可提高近hv域的生力和生物多样性?br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">  “通过h牧场Q可有效解决捕捞和传l养D对域资源的破坏和污染{问题。”刘永虎说?br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">助vz业融合发?br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">  l过30余年的发展,我国沿v已徏成大量以投放人工鱼礁、移U植、底播v珍品{ؓ主要内容的vz牧场?br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">  “vz牧推动以捕捞和LZ的传l渔业向休闲渔业、体验渔业、文化渔业{变,C化的h牧场捕捞渔民转变Z业工人。”刘永虎_h牧场需要全产业链融合发展,是vz一、二、三产业融合发展的有效蝲体?br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">  通过h牧场Q沿和qv域生态环境优了、生物资源丰富了Q就会有更多的h到v上垂钓、观光游览、体验渔莯E。休闲观光渔业与体验文化渔业得到进一步发展。h工鱼C能有效遏制拖网捕捞{破坏性渔业生产方式,对保护v域底质环境具有重要作用?br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">  Ҏ《国家񔋹h牧场C区徏设规划(2017~2025Q》,目前Q我国共有国家񔋹h牧场C?4个,?025q_创建国家񔋹h牧场C?78个,推动h牧场和管理的U学化、规范化Q全国篏计投放h工鱼C将?000万空斏V?br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">  在沿很多地区,h牧场已成为vz经新的增长点Q成为养护vz生物资源、修复v域生态环境、实现渔业{型升U的重要抓手?br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">  据测,我国已徏成的h牧场q直接经效益达319亿元、生态效益达604亿元Q年固碳量ؓ19万吨Q可消减?6844吨、磷1684吨?br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">C化徏设Q重道q?br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">  q年来,我国h牧场虽然发展q速,但也存在很多问题。例如,技术能力与发展需求之间的矛盾׃解冟?br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">  此外Qvz牧场徏设还没有l一的国家标准,以致h牧场的含义有时被理解得过于简单。“有些地Ҏ普通的|箱L也划为vz牧场徏设,q是不应该的。”大qvz大学教授陈勇说Q现代化h牧场应该在生态化、智能化、规划化、业化几个斚w有所体现?br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">  生态化是坚持生态优先、养护资源、适度开发。智能化是Ҏv域生态环境进行智能感知,有助于vz牧场的理q营?br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">  h牧场是一个系l工E,涉及物理、地质、生物、信息、徏{等多个学科Q但从事h牧场研究的机构和人非常少Q环境优化、生境营造、鱼c行为等基础研究急需加强?br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">  “徏设vz牧Z定要规划先行Q开展基研究与调查评伎ͼ为vz牧场徏设提供数据支撑,要避免盲目徏设、一哄而上。”陈勇认为?br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">  陈勇表示Qvz牧场归根到底是一U渔业模式,l济效益是其重要目标Q如果只靠政府资金投入,难以支撑后期的运营管护及产业化。因此,吸引C会资金Q实行企业化q作Q势在必行?br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">  “应U极推动h牧场的业化发展Q由政府的引D金投资徏设ؓ主,逐渐转向以企业积极开发徏设ؓ主,以期探烦h牧场的市场化、规模化发展路径。”陈勇徏议?/p>

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